"Ranting and Raving"
By Dan Haugh

 
"Why Aren’t Firms Held Economically Responsible?"
August 22, 2002
 

Remember the public outcry when the “Government” put Arthur Anderson out of business?  The question that I could not answer at the time was, “What business did Arthur Anderson have to lose”? And what would possibly motivate one of their previous audit clients to still be an audit client after all that had occurred?  I was especially entertained when after the verdict there was the last rush by Arthur Anderson clients to the other “Big” accounting firms and the hint that they were having to buy their way onto their audit calendars with big dollars.  In the old neighborhood we referred to that as a “Stupid Tax”.
    
A neighbor of mine is on the board of an unusual company - unusual in the fact that it makes money and is in an industry where that is not the custom. They made a decision to leave Arthur Anderson after the Sunbeam and Waste Management lapses.  In their minds the significant premium paid for the prestige of a “Big Five” audit was no longer justified.  They moved to a second tier, non Big 5 accounting firm thinking the risk of having some investors not recognize the auditors name was better than having an investor recognize the name of an auditor associated with two recent scandals.
    
The real question is, why didn’t every other Arthur Anderson client do the same thing?  When you pay very large sums for an audit, all you get is one sheet of paper that basically says “we believe that these statements prepared by the company are substantially correct”.  A fairly expensive piece of paper if the signature does not signify integrity and a reputation for excellence to current and potential investors.  Why was there no rush of companies to find another auditor that did not have the baggage of these scandals?  Why was there no ground swell of investors avoiding Arthur Anderson audited companies?  Why was there no rush of employees searching for employment in auditing firms untainted by recent scandals? 
Simply put, there was no economic penalty, not for them and not for the companies that stayed with them.
    

Recently we observed another situation where there were two very high profile lapses exposed with no apparent economic pain.  In the past 60 days Merrill Lynch settled with the New York State District Attorney with a payment of $100,000,000 regarding issues of the research given to their clients not representing the true in-house opinion of the stocks in question.  I personally was disappointed by the settlement, not because the amount was very small relative to the actual amounts made on the transactions, but rather, I wanted to know what the in-house proprietary trading was doing in these instances.  It is my opinion that the clients of Merrill Lynch have the right to know if the firm was unloading stock to them in these occurrences identified in the settlement.
    
The next occurrence was when two top Merrill Lynch executives refused to testify to Congress on the grounds of self incrimination, specifying a criminal probe into the Enron matter.  The subject was whether Merrill Lynch was assisting clients in establishing transactions that would hide substantial debt from current and potential investors.  Due to the lack of testimony, once again clients of Merrill Lynch do not specifically know what happened, what part if any did Merrill Lynch play, and if, after these transactions were structured the stocks were still recommended to clients - knowing that there were unreported liabilities.  Also, what if anything, was the proprietary trading activity doing at that time.
    
Why isn’t every Merrill Lynch broker fielding calls all day long from clients demanding these answers or leaving or threatening to leave?  The simple fact of the matter is that these two widely discussed issues indicate that the people that are telling the brokers what to sell “may” not have the clients best interest as their first priority.  These issues are not conclusive proof, but if it happens again, and if it happens to you, will the stupid tax apply? 
    
The bottom line is that there is no real economic cost to companies that have real or apparent ethical lapses.  How many of you would have been economically better off if you would not have bought any Arthur Anderson audited stocks after Sunbeam and Waste Management?  It is difficult to feel smart when a problem is identified and repeated - giving you enough time to act and you still fall for it again.  The guy that taught me to trade on the floor used to say “If it looks, walks and sounds like a duck, it just might be a duck”, and this little pearl of wisdom was usually hurled my way when something occurred that indicated I should have exited a trade, didn’t, and unfortunately paid the price.
    
As a nation we seem to be very adept at dealing with issues after the fact – throw the bums in jail, file a lawsuit or file an arbitration claim.  What we are not very good at doing is determining and avoiding high risk situations before they become a problem.  We do not deal with potential risk and therefore we do not economically penalize firms for certain types of behavior that cause that risk. 
If there was a substantial economic risk for perceived conflicts, I believe that the firms would be extremely reluctant to push the moral envelope - but there is no market driven economic penalty.  Furthermore, there should be, in a perfect world, an economic benefit realized by competing firms that do not engage in anything that even gives the perception of conflicts.  Unfortunately, I see no evidence that this is occurring, not before the latest revelations occurred and not even now when these events are fresh in everyone’s mind.
    
There is a website that kind of epitomizes this type of attitude called 2nd Swing Golf.  They don’t have anything to do with investing - they sell golf clubs.  The company motto is “it’s not you – it’s the clubs”.  Pretty effective marketing cliché.  The problem is, if you see warning signs and still do not act, and the worst a case scenario does occur (as it will from time to time) – it is you - not the clubs and no amount of after the fact remedies can change that.

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